Jointly Embedding Knowledge Graphs and Logical Rules

Shu Guo1, Quan Wang1, Lihong Wang2, Bin Wang1, Li Guo1
1Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of China


Abstract

Embedding knowledge graphs into continuous vector spaces has recently attracted increasing interest. Most existing methods perform the embedding task using only fact triples. Logical rules, although containing rich background information, have not been well studied in this task. This paper proposes a novel method of jointly embedding knowledge graphs and logical rules. The key idea is to represent and model triples and rules in a unified framework. Specifically, triples are represented as atomic formulae and modeled by the translation assumption, while rules represented as complex formulae and modeled by t-norm fuzzy logics. Embedding then amounts to minimizing a global loss over both atomic and complex formulae. In this manner, we learn embeddings compatible not only with triples but also with rules, which will certainly be more predictive for knowledge acquisition and inference. We evaluate our method with link prediction and triple classification tasks. Experimental results show that joint embedding brings significant and consistent improvements over state-of-the-art methods. Particularly, it enhances the prediction of new facts which cannot even be directly inferred by pure logical inference, demonstrating the capability of our method to learn more predictive embeddings.